Initiation of Sexual Intercourse and Safe Sex Practices

An Evidence-Based Replication of Reducing the Risk

Abstract

Purpose and Background: This study aimed to (1) identify predictors of initiation of sexual intercourse before program implementation, and (2) assess the one-year impact of Reducing the Risk (RTR) on the delay of sexual intercourse initiation and safe sex practices among a predominantly Latino sample of 9th graders in Tulare County. RTR is an evidence-based program designed to delay initiation of adolescent sexual intercourse, and increase safe practices among those who are already sexually active. The program was implemented in Tulare County; whose average teen birth rate for 2009-2011 was 60.2 per 1,000 teens aged 15-19. Methods: Baseline and one-year follow-up data were collected on 390 students, beginning in their 9th grade year (53% female, 72.2% Latino/Hispanic). Students participated in a school-based pregnancy prevention program (RTR) and answered questions on HIV/STIs knowledge, attitudes about abstinence and teen pregnancy, parent communication, sexual intercourse, and safe sex practices. Results: Over one in eight students were sexually active at baseline. Overall, students reported long-term increases in HIV/STI knowledge and parent communication, decreases in intentions to have sexual intercourse and positive attitudes about teen pregnancy. Controlling for baseline differences, sexually active students reported fewer positive attitudes about abstinence. Conclusion: RTR may be more effective in preventing pregnancy and HIV/STIs among students who are not yet sexually active. Further, RTR does appear to successfully impact students who have already initiated sexual intercourse decisions to practice safe sex; however, not to become abstinent.